London, July 13, 2025 — Nigeria’s former President Muhammadu Buhari, a towering figure in the country’s political history, passed away at the age of 82 in a London clinic following a prolonged illness.
His death marks the end of a complex and consequential legacy that spanned decades—from military rule to democratic leadership.
Born in Daura, Katsina State, Buhari first rose to prominence as a military ruler in 1983 after leading a coup that ousted the civilian government of President Shehu Shagari. He governed with a strict anti-corruption and discipline-focused agenda until his removal in 1985. After years in political opposition, Buhari made history in 2015 by becoming the first opposition candidate to defeat an incumbent president in Nigeria’s democratic era. His election was fueled by public frustration over corruption, insecurity, and economic stagnation.
Key Achievements
Anti-Corruption Drive
Buhari’s administration launched aggressive campaigns to recover looted assets and improve transparency. Initiatives like the Treasury Single Account and Whistleblower Policy led to notable recoveries.
Infrastructure Development
His government completed major projects including the Lagos-Ibadan and Abuja-Kaduna rail lines, the Second Niger Bridge, and airport upgrades in Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt.
Electoral Reform:
Buhari signed the Electoral Act Amendment Bill in 2022, introducing electronic transmission of results to enhance transparency.
Petroleum Industry Act
After nearly two decades of delay, Buhari signed this landmark legislation to attract investment and restructure Nigeria’s oil sector.
Major Challenges
Security Crisis:
Despite early gains against Boko Haram, Nigeria saw a surge in banditry, kidnappings, and communal violence. Critics cited poor coordination and under-equipped forces.- Economic Struggles: Buhari’s tenure included two recessions, high inflation, and a weakened naira. His policies—such as fuel subsidy removal and currency devaluation—were met with mixed reactions.
Human Rights Concerns
His administration faced backlash over press restrictions, detentions without trial, and the violent response to the 2020 #EndSARS protests, including the controversial Lekki Toll Gate shooting.
Ethnic and Regional Tensions
Buhari was often criticized for appointments perceived as favoring northern elites, which deepened national divisions. National ReactionPresident Bola Tinubu declared a seven-day mourning period and ordered flags to fly at half-staff nationwide. Tributes poured in from across the globe, with leaders praising Buhari’s integrity, discipline, and commitment to public service.“President Buhari’s legacy will endure as a testament to the nobility of public service,” said former Vice President Yemi Osinbajo.
As Nigeria reflects on Buhari’s life and leadership, his legacy remains a study in contrasts—marked by bold reforms and persistent challenges. He leaves behind a nation still grappling with many of the issues he sought to resolve, but also one shaped indelibly by his decades of service.